Apparatus for producing permanent waves



June 7, 1938. s. KALLMANN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PERMANENT WAVES Filed June 15, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 7, 1938. s. KALLMANN 2,120,148

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PERMANENT WAVES Filed June 15, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2' June 7, 1938. 5 KALLMANN 2,120,148

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PERMANENT WAVES Filed June 15, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 In urn/a r 81 1770? kellm'zn 91 Patented June 7, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Simon Kallmann, Paris, France Application June 15, 1935, Serial No. 26,834 In France January 25, 1935 12 Claims.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing permanent waves For carrying out permanent waving, use is currently made at present of heating elements constituted by two jaws enclosing electric resistances fed by wires attached to a plug. An outer insulating jacket limits the heat losses, the two jaws being articulated on a hinge and each comprising a handle, for example of bakelite, so that the whole forms a clamp.

These heating elements are applied to the hair, which has previously been wound on curlers. They ensure good heating, but they are objectionable because of their weight, which moreover, is increased by that of the current lead wires. As the formation of a complete wave requires numerous heating elements (more than forty) and takes considerable time, the person whose hair is being waved is subjected to fatigue.

It has been sought to correct this condition by using heating elements in which the two jaws contain no resistance. The heating of these elements before they are placed in position on the hair wound on the curlers is achieved by saddling them on a cylinder which internally encloses electric resistances. These heating elements, although lighter than those previously mentioned, are still not sufficiently light to appreciably reduce the fatigue of the person whose hair is being waved. Moreover, the method of heating employed causes considerable loss of heat.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the various objectionable features referred to in the foregoing by producing an apparatus in which the heating elements are considerably lightened owing to the fact that all accessories, such as the insulating jacket, the handle and the like, are dispensed with.

The apparatus according to the invention is essentially characterized by the fact that it comprises, in combination, the heating elements proper and a heating oven arranged in such a manner as to permit of bringing the heating elements to the temperature required for their use.

Further advantages and features of the invention will appear from the description hereinafter given with reference to the accompanying drawings which show diagrammatically and purely by way of example a constructional form of a heating element and its heating oven.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a heating element in its closed position,

Figure 2 is a view in perspective of a pair of tongs intended to grip the heating element,

Figure 3 shows, in perspective, the heating element held by the tongs, the said element being shown in its open position,

Figure 4 is a view in perspective of the heating element placed in position on the hair,

Figures 5 and 6 are, respectively, a view in perspective and a plan view of the oven in the open position,

Figure '7 is a vertical transversal sectional view of the oven shown in Figs. 5 and 6; and

Figure 8 is a View in perspective of the oven in the closed position.

The apparatus according to the invention essentially comprises the heating element shown by way of example in Figures 1 to 4 and the oven shown by way of example in Figures 5 to 8; this apparatus comprises in addition the tongs illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.

The heating element (Figures 1 to 4) comprises two jaws I. 2, articulated on a hinge 3 having a spring 8 tending to draw said two jaws towards each other.

This element comprises no other accessories, such as an outer insulating jacket, bakelite handle or the like. It is therefore very light and may be easily manipulated.

Each of the jaws I, 2 of the heating element referred to above comprises an ear 9 9 integral therewith or attached thereto. These ears 9 9 may easily be gripped by legs I III of a pair of tongs I0 (Figures 2 and 3) by means of which the heating element may be handled whatever its temperature and without risk of dropping it.

The heating element may thus be used in a very convenient manner.

After heating, it is gripped with the aid of the tongs I0, whereupon it is placed on the curler II (Figure 4), about which the hair has been wound.

Owing to the lightness of each heating element, the person whose hair is to be waved is in no way inconvenienced, in spite of the great number of curlers and heating elements required during the waving.

The oven intended for heating the aforesaid heating elements and illustrated by way of example in Figures to 8 comprises two halves I2, I3 separated from one another and each enclosing heating resistances I4, I5. Each resistance l4, I5 is fed by wires I6, I! connected to a common plug l8.

Each of the halves I2, [3 of the oven externally assumes the form of a parallelepipedic block in which recesses I9, are provided. These recesses I9, 20 each have a semi-circular profile which very approximately follows the form of the heating elements I, 2.

The two halves l2, l3 of the oven are assembled with the aid of hinges 2!. The upper half [2 comprises a manipulating handle 22, while the lower half it may be fixed on a support 23 by means of brackets 24 and insulating blocks 25.

Finally, a thermometer 26 renders it possible to check the temperature inside the oven.

This oven is used in the following manner:

The two halves l2, iii are moved apart (Figures 5 and 6) with the aid of the handle 22, whereupon the heating elements l, 2 are placed in the recesses or cells 26. The two halves l2, l3 (Figure 6) are then placed one upon the other so as to enclose the heating elements I, 2, whereupon the electric circuit is established.

The oven becomes heated and imparts its heat to the heating elements I, 2.

During the heating, the temperature is observed with the aid of the thermometer 26.

When it is considered that the heating has been carried out for a sufficient period, the two halves l2, I? of the furnace (Figure 6) are once more moved apart whereupon the heating elements, which have been brought to a suitable temperature, are gripped with the aid of the tongs H). The heating elements I, L are placed on the curlers I! (Figure l) as has been explained above.

There is thus provided an oven which may be employed in a very practical manner and which gives rise to a minimum loss of heat, since the heating elements are enclosed in the said oven during the heating.

Said oven takes up very little space and may easily be placed, for example, on an article of furniture.

It is obvious that the invention is in nowise limited to the embodiment which has been more especially described by way of example, but that it extends to all possible modifications coming, fairly, within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus for producing permanent Waves, a heating element consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with means engageable by a separate actuating device for the purpose of handling said element and operating said jaws.

2. In an apparatus for producing permanet waves, a heating element consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with a relatively short ear extending therefrom in proximity of its hinged connection to the other jaw.

3. In an apparatus for producing permanent waves, a heating element consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with means for engaging the same, and a separate actuating device adapted to engage said jaws, for handling said element and operate said jaws.

4. In an apparatus for producing permanent waves, a heating element consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with a relatively short ear extending therefrom in proximity of its hinged connection to the other jaw, and a gripping device adapted to engage said ears to handle said element and operate said jaws.

5. In an apparatus for producing permanent waves, a plurality of heating elements, each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with means engageable by a separate actuating device for the purpose of handling said element and operating said jaws, and an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections together forming a plurality of housings, each adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same.

6. In an apparatus for producing permanent waves, a plurality of heating elements, each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with means engageable by a separate actuating device for the purpose of handling said element and operating said jaws, and an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections each provided with a plurality of recesses, the recesses of one section registering with those of the other so as to together form housings each substantially following the contour of and being adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same.

7. In an apparatus for producing permanent waves, a plurality of heating elements, each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with means engageable by a separate actuating device for the purpose of handling said element and operating said jaws, and an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections each provided with a plurality of recesses, the recesses of one section registering with those of the other so as to together form housings each substantially following the contour of and being adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same, and a thermometer indicating the temperature of said oven.

8. An apparatus for producing permanent waves comprising a plurality of heating elements each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other each jaw being provided with means for engaging the same, an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature said oven being constituted of two half sections together forming a plurality of housings each adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same and a separate actuating device adapted to engage said jaws for individually handling said elements and operate said jaws.

9. An apparatus for producing permanent waves comprising a plurality of heating elements, each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws, and a spring tending to draw said jaws toward each other, each jaw being provided with means for engaging the same, an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections each provided with a plurality of recesses, the recesses of one section registering with those of the other so as to together form housings each substantially following the contour of and being adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same, and a separate actuating device adapted to engage said jaws for individually handling said elements and operate said jaws.

10. An apparatus for producing permanent waves, comprising a plurality of heating elements each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with a relatively short ear extending therefrom in proximity of its hinged connection to the other jaw, an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections to gether forming a plurality of housings, each adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same, and a separate gripping device adapted to engage said ears to individually handle each element and operate its jaws.

11. An apparatus for producing permanent waves, comprising a plurality of heating elements each consisting solely of two hingedly connected handleless metal jaws and a spring tending to draw said jaws towards each other, each jaw being provided with a relatively short ear extending therefrom in proximity of its hinged connection to the other jaw, an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven being constituted of two half sections together forming a plurality of housings each adapted to receive and entirely enclose one of said heating elements, and an electric resistance in each half section for heating the same, and a pair of tongs adapted to engage said ears to individually handle each element and operate its jaws.

12 An apparatus for producing permanent waves, comprising a plurality of handleless heating elements an oven for bringing said elements to the required temperature, said oven having electric heating means and being formed with a plurality of housings, each adapted to receive one of said heating elements, and a separate device for individually handling and manipulating said elements.

SIMON KALLMANN, 

